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What Happens in the Brain When Ultrasound Is Focused on Deep Structures?

A simplified summary of the research

2021Scientific Reports2021Loading citations…

Real Time and Delayed Effects of Subcortical Low Intensity Focused Ultrasound

Cain, J. A., Visagan, S., Johnson, M. A., Crone, J., Blades, R., Spivak, N. M., Shattuck, D. W., Monti, M. M.

  • Focused Ultrasound
  • Human Neuroscience
  • Methods
doi:10.1038/s41598-021-85504-y
In plain English

What's the Point?

Background

Focused ultrasound can reach deep brain structures non-invasively, but until now there was no group-level MRI evidence that it actually changes activity in those regions in humans.

Methods

Healthy volunteers received low-intensity focused ultrasound to subcortical targets while undergoing fMRI and arterial spin labeling, so we could measure both real-time activity and delayed perfusion changes.

Findings

Different ultrasound parameter sets produced distinct online BOLD changes in the globus pallidus, thalamus, and cortical networks. Whole-brain perfusion changed with a delay, separating online from offline neuromodulatory effects.

Impact

First group-level demonstration of subcortical focused ultrasound neuromodulation in humans—foundational evidence for using ultrasound to causally probe deep brain circuits.

Abstract

From the manuscript

In a group of healthy volunteers, we used simultaneous MRI to measure the real-time and delayed effects of low-intensity focused ultrasound aimed at subcortical structures. Different sonication parameter sets produced distinct online BOLD changes in the globus pallidus, thalamus, and cortical networks, while whole-brain perfusion shifted on a delayed timescale, dissociating online and offline neuromodulatory effects. This provides the first group-level MRI evidence of subcortical focused ultrasound neuromodulation in humans.

Full citation

Cain, J. A., Visagan, S., Johnson, M. A., Crone, J., Blades, R., Spivak, N. M., Shattuck, D. W., & Monti, M. M. (2021). Real time and delayed effects of subcortical low intensity focused ultrasound. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 6100.

© 2026 Josh Cain